LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION



Library Classification or Classification or Book Classification or Bibliographic Classification is the process of arranging, grouping, coding, and organizing books and other library materials (e.g. serials, sound recordings, moving images, cartographic materials, manuscripts, computer files, e-resources etc.) on shelves or entries of a catalog, bibliography, and index according to their subject in a systematic, logical, and helpful order by way of assigning them call numbers using a library classification system, so that users can find them as quickly and easily as possible. The call number serves a dual purpose: it determines the place of a book on the shelf and collocates books on the same topic next to each other.

Library classification is the process of organizing and categorizing library materials (such as books, journals, and other resources) to make them easily accessible to library users. The primary goal of library classification is to arrange these materials in a systematic and logical order so that users can find what they need quickly and efficiently.

There are several widely used library classification systems, each with its own set of rules and principles. Two of the most common classification systems are the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and the Library of Congress Classification (LCC):

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC):

  • The Dewey Decimal Classification system was developed by Melvil Dewey in the late 19th century and is one of the most widely used classification systems in the world.
  • It categorizes materials into ten main classes, each represented by a numerical range. These classes cover a wide range of subjects, from general works (000) to technology (600s), to literature (800s).
  • Each main class is further divided into subclasses, and the numerical notation becomes more specific as you go deeper into the hierarchy.
  • The DDC uses a decimal notation system, allowing for precise classification and sub-classification.

Library of Congress Classification (LCC):

  • The Library of Congress Classification system was developed by the Library of Congress in the United States and is primarily used in academic and research libraries.
  • It classifies materials based on subject matter and uses a combination of letters and numbers to represent various topics.
  • The LCC divides knowledge into 21 main classes, each represented by a single letter (e.g., A for General Works, Q for Science).
  • Within each class, further subdivisions are made using a combination of letters and numbers to provide more specific subject classification.

Other classification systems exist for specialized libraries or specific purposes. For example, the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is used in many European libraries, especially in the field of documentation and information science.

The choice of classification system used by a library depends on various factors, including the library's collection, its user base, and its specific needs. Classification systems provide a structured way to organize and locate materials in a library, facilitating effective resource discovery and access for library patrons..

Principles of Library Classification 

Library classification systems are built on a set of principles and guidelines to ensure that materials are organized in a logical and consistent manner. These principles help librarians create a system that is efficient, user-friendly, and adaptable to the needs of their specific library. Here are some of the key principles of library classification:

Systematic Organization: The primary goal of library classification is to arrange materials systematically. This means that materials are grouped together based on their subject content and related topics. Systematic organization ensures that materials on similar subjects are located near each other on library shelves.

Hierarchical Structure: Classification systems often employ a hierarchical structure, with broad subject categories at the top of the hierarchy and increasingly specific subdivisions as you descend through the system. This hierarchical structure allows for both general and precise classification of materials.

Logical Progression: The order and sequence of classes and subclasses within a classification system should follow a logical progression. It should make sense to users, enabling them to navigate the system intuitively.

Facet Analysis: Facet analysis is the process of identifying the various aspects or facets of a subject and classifying materials based on these facets. This approach allows for multidimensional classification and helps users find materials from different perspectives.

Notation: Classification systems use notation (such as numbers or letters) to represent specific categories, classes, and subclasses. Notation should be consistent and standardized to avoid confusion and ensure accuracy in the placement of materials.

Enumerative vs. Synthetic: There are two main approaches to classification: enumerative and synthetic.

Enumerative Classification: This approach lists specific categories and assigns materials to those categories. For example, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is enumerative.
  • Synthetic Classification: This approach creates categories as needed based on the subject matter of the materials. The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is more synthetic in nature.
  • Flexibility and Adaptability: Classification systems should be flexible and adaptable to accommodate changes in knowledge and the addition of new materials. Regular updates and revisions may be necessary to reflect evolving subject areas and new topics.
Standardization: Consistency and standardization are crucial for effective library classification. The rules and guidelines for classification should be well-documented and followed consistently by library staff.

User-Centered: Ultimately, the classification system should serve the needs of library users. It should be designed with the user experience in mind, making it easy for patrons to find materials relevant to their interests and research.

Compatibility: Classification systems should be compatible with other library processes, such as cataloging and indexing, to create a seamless information retrieval system.

                                These principles guide librarians in creating and maintaining classification systems that make library resources accessible and user-friendly. While different classification systems may emphasize these principles to varying degrees, they all share the common goal of organizing materials for efficient retrieval and use.

Need for Classification:

  • Classification is needed for the convenient study of living organisms.
  • It is necessary for knowing the different varieties of organisms.
  • It helps in the correct identification of various organisms.
  • It helps to know the origin and evolution of organisms.
  • It helps to determine the exact position of the organism in the classification.
  • It helps to develop phylogenetic relations between different groups of organisms